Water Content and Scatterers Dispersion Evaluation in Colorectal Tissues

Isa Carneiro
Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Centre, Porto, Portugal

Sónia Carvalho
Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Centre, Porto, Portugal

Rui Henrique
Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal

Luís Oliveira (Login required)
Polytechnic of Porto, School of Engineering, Physics Department, Portugal
Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, ISEP, Porto, Portugal

Valery V. Tuchin
Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Russia
Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
Department of Laser and Biotechnical Systems, Samara National Research University, Russia


Paper #3254 received 30 Oct 2017; revised manuscript received 11 Dec 2017; accepted for publication 19 Dec 2017; published online 31 Dec 2017. [Saratov Fall Meeting 2017 Special Issue].

DOI: 10.18287/JBPE17.03.040301

Abstract

Optical clearing treatments reduce light scattering in biological tissues. Due to the heterogeneous composition of tissues, such high scattering is created by the refractive index mismatch between tissue fluids and scatterers. With the objective of collecting experimental data to predict and characterize the magnitude of the refractive index matching in optical clearing treatments, a series of studies were performed with colorectal tissues. The free water content in normal mucosa, muscle and pathological colorectal tissues was estimated, showing similar values for normal tissues and about 5% more in pathological tissue. The refractive index of the tissues was measured at various wavelengths between UV and NIR. This data was used to estimate the refractive dispersion curves for the various tissues, which were then combined with the free water contents to calculate the dispersion of scatterers in these tissues. These dispersions remain unchanged during optical clearing and by obtaining such spectral data, it is possible to quantify and characterize the refractive index matching mechanism in any optical clearing treatment to be applied in these tissues. The differences obtained between the experimental data of healthy and pathological tissues can also be used as a marker for cancer progression in ex vivo analysis.

Keywords

colorectal tissue; cancer; refractive index; light scattering; tissue water content; free and bound water; optical clearing

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. T. Vo-Dinh (ed.), Biomedical Photonics Handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton (2014).

2. I. J. Bigio, and S. Fantini, “Quantitative Biomedical Optics: Theory, Methods, and Applications,” Cambridge Texts in Biomedical Engineering, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016).

3. A. Sabouni, S. Noghanian, and S. Pistorius, “Effects of tissue composition on the accuracy of microwave breast tumour imaging,” IFMBE Proceedings 14, 1489-1493 (2007). Crossref

4. P. C. Miranda, L. Correia, R. Salvador, and P. J. Basser, “Tissue heterogeneity as a mechanism for localized neural stimulation by applied electric fields,” Physics in Medicine and Biology 52(18), 5603-5617 (2007). Crossref

5. V. V. Tuchin, Optical Clearing of Tissues and Blood, SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington (2006). ISBN: 9780819481108

6. L. Oliveira, A. Lage, M. P. Clemente, and V. Tuchin, “Optical characterization and composition of abdominal wall muscle from rat,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering 47(6), 667-672 (2009). Crossref

7. L. Oliveira, A. Lage, M. P. Clemente, and V. V. Tuchin, “Rat muscle opacity decrease due to the osmosis of a simple mixture,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 15(5), 055004 (2010). Crossref

8. V. Gilard, R. Martino, M. Malet-Martino, M. Riviere, A. Gournay, and R. Navarro, “Measurement of total water and bound water contents in human stratum corneum by in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science 20(2), 117-125 (1998). Crossref

9. C. Li, J. Jiang, and K. Xu, “The variations of water in human tissue under certain compression: studied with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 6(1), 1350005 (2013). Crossref

10. D. Zhu, K. V. Larin, Q. Luo, and V. V. Tuchin, “Recent progress in tissue optical clearing,” Laser and Photonic Reviews 7(5), 732-757 (2013). Crossref

11. S. Carvalho, N. Gueiral, E. Nogueira, R. Henrique, L. Oliveira, and V. V. Tuchin, “Glucose diffusion in colorectal mucosa – a comparative study between normal and cancer tissues,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 22(9), 091506 (2017). Crossref

12. D. K. Tuchina, R. Shi, A. N. Bashkatov, E.A. Genina, D. Zhu, Q. Luo, and V. V. Tuchin, “Ex vivo optical measurements of glucose diffusion kinetics in native and diabetic mouse skin,” Journal of Biophotonics 8(4), 332-346 (2015). Crossref

13. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, Y. P. Sinichkin, I. Yu. Yanina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of biological tissues: prospects of application in medical diagnosis and phototherapy,” Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 1(1), 22-58 (2016). Crossref

14. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Review of Medical Devices 7(6), 825-842 (2010). Crossref

15. L. Oliveira, M. I. Carvalho, E. Nogueira, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 9(5), 1650035 (2016). Crossref

16. L. Oliveira, M. I. Carvalho, E. M. Nogueira, and V. V. Tuchin, “The characteristic time of glucose diffusion measured for muscle tissue at optical clearing,” Laser Physics 23(7), 075606 (2013). Crossref

17. D. Tuchina A. Bashkatov, A. Bucharskaya, E. Genina, and V. Tuchin, “Study of glycerol diffusion in skin and myocardium ex vivo under the conditions of developing alloxan-induced diabetes,” Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 3(2), 020302 (2017). Crossref

18. A. Sdobnov, M. E. Darvin, J. Lademann, and V. Tuchin, “A comparative study of ex vivo skin optical clearing using two-photon microscopy,” Journal of Biophotonics 10(9), 1115-1123 (2017). Crossref

19. L. Oliveira, M. I. Carvalho, E. M. Nogueira, and V. V. Tuchin, “Skeletal muscle dispersion (400 - 1000 nm) and kinetics at optical clearing,” Journal of Biophotonics, e201700094 (2017). Crossref

20. D. W. Leonard, and K. M. Meek, “Refractive indices of the collagen fibrils and extrafibrillar material of the corneal stroma,” Biophysical Journal 72(3), 1382-1387 (1997). Crossref

21. S. H. Chung, A. E. Cerussi, C. Klifa, H. M. Baek, O. Birgul, G Gulsen, S. I. Merritt, D. Hsiang, and B. J. Tromberg, “In vivo water state measurements in breast cancer using broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy,” Physics in Medicine and Biology 53(23), 6713-6727 (2008). Crossref

22. H. Brenner, M. Kloor, and C. P. Poxl, “Colorectal cancer,” Lancet 383(9927), 1490-1502 (2014). Crossref

23. S. Carvalho, N. Gueiral, E. Nogueira, R. Henrique, L. Oliveira, and V. Tuchin, “Wavelength dependence of the refractive index of human colorectal tissues: comparison between healthy mucosa and cancer,” Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 2(4), 040307 (2016). Crossref

24. P. Giannios, S. Koutsoumpos, K. G. Toutouzas, M. Matiatou, G. C. Zografos, and K. Moutzouris, “Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue in the visible and near-infrared,” Journal of Biophotonics 10(2), 303-310 (2017). Crossref

25. S. Carvalho, N. Gueiral, E. Nogueira, R. Henrique, L. Oliveira, and V. V. Tuchin, “Comparative study of the optical properties of colon mucosa and colon precancerous polyps between 400 and 1000 nm,” Proceedings SPIE 10063, 100631L (2017). Crossref

26. A. Y. Sdobnov, V. V Tuchin, J. Lademann, and M. E Darvin, “Confocal Raman microscopy supported by optical clearing treatment of the skin – influence on collagen hydration,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, 285401-1-9 (2017). Crossref

27. R. Chang, “Reactions in aqueous solutions” in Chemistry, 10th ed., R. Chang (ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York (2010). ISBN: 9780078916915.

28. A. A. Raginov, and G. N. Shcherbakova, Infusion-transfusion therapy: a guide, GEOTAR Media, Moscow (2010). ISBN: 9785970415382 [in Russian].

29. H. Li, and S. Xie, “Measurement method of the refractive index of biotissue by total internal reflection,” Applied Optics 35(10), 1793-1795 (1996). Crossref

30. Q. Ye, J. Wang, Z.-C. Deng, W.-Y. Zhou, C.-P. Zhang, and J.-G. Tian, “Measurement of the complex refractive index of tissue-mimicking phantoms and biotissue by extended differential total reflection method,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 16(9), 097001 (2011). Crossref

31. J.-C. Lai, Y.-Y. Zhang, Z.-H. Li, H.-J. Jiang, and A.-Z. He, “Complex refractive index measurement of biological tissues by attenuated total reflection ellipsometry,” Applied Optics 49(16), 3235-3238 (2010). Crossref

32. H. Ding, J. Q. Lu, K. M. Jacobs, and X.-H. Hu, “Determination of refractive indices of porcine skin tissues and intralipid at eight wavelengths between 325 and 1557 nm,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A 22(6), 1151-1157 (2005). Crossref

33. Y. L. Jin, J. Y. Chen, L. Xu, and P. N. Wang, “Refractive index measurement for biomaterial samples by total internal reflection,” Physics in Medicine and Biology 51(20), N271-N379 (2006). Crossref

34. H. Ding, J. Q. Lu, W. A. Wooden, P. J. Kragel, and X.-H. Hu, “Refractive indices of human skin tissues at eight wavelengths and estimated dispersion relations between 300 and 1600 nm,” Physics in Medicine and Biology 51(6), 1479-1489 (2006). Crossref

35. Z. Deng, J. Wang, Q. Ye, T. Sun, W. Zhou, J. Mei, C. Zhang, and J. Tian, “Determination of continuous complex refractive dispersion of biotissue based on internal reflection,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 21(1), 015003 (2016). Crossref

36. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol

37. Density of Glycerine-Water Solutions

38. L. Oliveira, M. I. Carvalho, E. M. Nogueira, and V. V. Tuchin, “Diffusion characteristics of ethylene glycol in skeletal muscle,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 20(5), 059801 (2015). Crossref

39. G. M. Hale, and M. R. Querry, “Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 μm wavelength region,” Applied Optics 12(3), 555-563 (1973). Crossref




Bookmark and Share


Сontact

34 Moskovskoe shosse, Samara, 443086, Russian Federation
Email: j-bpe@ssau.ru
Phone: +7-846-267-4550
© 2014-2025 J-BPE