Preparation of Fluorescently Labeled Bacteria via Biogenic Synthesis of Orange-Red Emitting Gold Nanoclusters
Daniil S. Chumakov
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Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Russian Federation
Stella S. Evstigneeva
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Russian Federation
Nikolai G. Khlebtsov
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Russian Federation
Saratov State University, Russian Federation
Paper #9158 received 30 Aug 2024; revised manuscript received 21 Oct 2024; accepted for publication 30 Oct 2024; published online 25 Nov 2024.
DOI: 10.18287/JBPE24.10.040309
Abstract
Whole-cell bacteria-based luminescent probes are crucial for monitoring bacterial interactions with biotic surfaces. The primary approach to developing these probes involves genetic engineering, which is labor-intensive and sophisticated technology. In this study, we created fluorescent probes derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This was achieved through the chemical modification of their surfaces with fluorescent glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (bio-GSH-AuNCs) that were synthesized using biogenic approaches. On the other hand, similar nanoclusters produced via traditional chemical reduction approach
(ch-GSH-AuNCs) were shown to be ineffective in modifying the bacterial surface. We developed and characterized biofilms of the rhizobacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Bacillus subtilis 26D. Notably, this study marks the first report of generating fluorescently labeled bacterial biofilms through the biogenic synthesis of fluorescent gold nanoclusters. The resulting fluorescent bacterial probes, doped with bio-GSH-AuNCs, show significant potential for visualizing the interactions between rhizobacteria and plant root systems.
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