An in Vitro Application of Diode Laser-Ozone Based Photodynamic Therapy for Microbial Inactivation
Deny Arifianto
Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Suryani Dyah Astuti
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Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Riries Rulaningtyas
Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Aulia Haidar Rahman Nugraha
Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Ahmad Khalil Yaqubi
Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Ardiansyah Syahrom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
DOI: 10.18287/JBPE26.12.010304
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can form biofilms that contribute to antibiotic-resistant infections. This study investigated the effectiveness of a combined red diode laser (665 nm) and ozone system for inactivating S. aureus biofilms. Biofilm samples were treated with ozone, laser irradiation, or a combination of both, and bacterial survival was evaluated after incubation. Statistical analysis was performed using a factorial ANOVA test. The results demonstrated that combined laser irradiation with a power density of 0.24 W/cm² and ozone treatment significantly enhanced biofilm inactivation compared to either treatment alone. The maximum biofilm reduction reached 94% with combined treatment during 40 s, compared to less than 80% reduction using laser irradiation alone. These findings indicate that red diode laser and ozone combination therapy is a promising approach for effectively reducing S. aureus biofilms, offering potential advantages for managing antibiotic-resistant infections.
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