Optical clearing of biological tissues: prospects of application in medical diagnostics and phototherapy
Elina A. Genina
(Login required)
N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Russia,
Tomsk State University, Russia
Paper #1992 received 2014.12.26; revised manuscript received 2015.02.03; accepted for publication 2015.02.05; published online 2015.03.28.
DOI: 10.18287/jbpe-2015-1-1-22
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. V. V. Tuchin (Ed.), Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, SPIE Press, PM107, Bellingham (2002).
2. T. Vo-Dinh (Ed.), Biomedical Photonics Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA (2003); second edition (2014). Crossref
3. V. V. Tuchin, Tissue Optics: Light Scattering Methods and Instruments for Medical Diagnosis, Bellingham, SPIE Press (2007).
4. D. A. Boas, “A fundamental limitation of linearized algorithms for diffuse optical tomography,” Opt. Express. 1, 404-413 (1997). Crossref
5. C. L. Smithpeter, A. K. Dunn, A. J. Welch, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Penetration depth limits of in vivo confocal reflectance imaging,” Appl. Opt. 37, 2749–2754 (1998). Crossref
6. V. V. Tuchin, L. V. Wang, and D. A. Zimnyakov, Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA (2006).
7. R. Drezek, A. Dunn, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Light scattering from cells: finite-difference time-domain simulations and goniometric measurements,” Appl. Opt. 38(16), 3651–3661 (1999). Crossref
8. K. Sokolov, R. Drezek, K. Gossagee, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Reflectance spectroscopy with polarized light: is it sensitive to cellular and nuclear morphology,” Opt. Express 5, 302–317 (1999). Crossref
9. D. W. Leonard, and K. M. Meek, “Refractive indices of the collagen fibrils and extrafibrillar material of the corneal stroma,” Biophysical J. 72, 1382–1387 (1997). Crossref
10. A. G. Borovoi, E. I. Naats, and U. G. Oppel, “Scattering of light by a red blood cell,” J. Biomed. Opt. 3, 364–372 (1998). Crossref
11. A. N. Yaroslavsky, A. V. Priezzhev, J. Rodriguez, I. V. Yaroslavsky, and H. Battarbee, “Optics of blood,” Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 169–216, PM107 SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, USA (2002).
12. G. Mazarevica, T. Freivalds, and A. Jurka, “Properties of erythrocyte light refraction in diabetic patients,” J. Biomed. Opt. 7, 244–247 (2002). Crossref
13. M. Friebel, and M. Meinke, “Model function to calculate the refractive index of native hemoglobin in the wavelength range of 250–1100 nm dependent on concentration,” Appl. Opt. 45(12), 2838–2842 (2006). Crossref
14. E. Gratton, “Deeper tissue imaging with total detection,” Science 331, 1016–1017 (2011). Crossref
15. W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science, 248, 73–76 (1990). Crossref
16. C. A. Combs, A. Smirnov, D. Chess, D. B. Mcgavern, J. L. Schroeder, J. Riley, S. S. Kang, M. Lugar-Hammer, A. Gandjbakhche, J. R. Knutson, and R. S. Balaban, “Optimizing multiphoton fluorescence microscopy light collection from living tissue by noncontact total emission detection (epiTED),” J. Microsc. 241(2), 153–161 (2011). Crossref
17. C. A. Combs, A. V. Smirnov, J. D. Riley, A. H. Gandjbakhche, J. R. Knutson, and R. S. Balaban, “Optimization of multiphoton excitation microscopy by total emission detection using a parabolic light reflector,” J. Microsc. 228(3), 330–337 (2007). Crossref
18. R. K. Wang, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical coherence tomography. Light scattering and imaging enhancement,” Chap. 16 in Handbook of Coherent-Domain Optical Methods. Biomedical Diagnostics, Environmental Monitoring, and Material Science, 2nd ed., V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 665-742, New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London: Springer (2013).
19. L. V. Wang, and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335, 1458–1462 (2012). Crossref
20. Y. M. Liew, R. A. McLaughlin, F. M. Wood, and D. D. Sampson, “Reduction of image artifacts in three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of skin in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(11), 116018 (2011). Crossref
21. V. V. Tuchin, “A clear vision for laser diagnostics (Review),” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13, 1621–1628 (2007). Crossref
22. V. V. Tuchin, Optical Clearing of Tissues and Blood, SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, USA 2006.
23. R. Cicchi, F. S. Pavone, D. Massi, and D. D. Sampson, “Contrast and depth enhancement in two-photon microscopy of human skin ex vivo by use of optical clearing agents,” Opt. Exp. 13, 2337–2344 (2005). Crossref
24. S. Plotnikov, V. Juneja, A. B. Isaacson, W. A. Mohler, and P. J. Campagnola, “Optical clearing for improved contrast in second harmonic generation imaging of skeletal muscle,” Biophys. J. 90, 328–339 (2006). Crossref
25. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, Yu. P. Sinichkin, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of the eye sclera in vivo caused by glucose,” Quantum Electronics 36(12), 1119-1124 (2006). Crossref
26. G. Vargas, J. K. Barton, and A. J. Welch, “Use of hyperosmotic chemical agent to improve the laser treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021114 (2008). Crossref
27. M. H. Khan, S. Chess, B. Choi, K. M. Kelly, and J. S. Nelson, “Can topically applied optical clearing agents increase the epidermal damage threshold and enhance therapeutic efficacy?,” Lasers Surg. Med. 35, 93–95 (2004).
28. P. D. Agrba, M. Yu. Kirillin, A. I. Abelevich, E. V. Zagaynova, and V. A. Kamensky, “Compression as a method for increasing the informativity of optical coherence tomography of biotissue,” Optics and Spectroscopy 107(6), 853-858 (2009). Crossref
29. C. Drew, T. E. Milner, and C. G. Rylander, “Mechanical tissue optical clearing devices: evaluation of enhanced light penetration in skin using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(6), 064019 (2009). Crossref
30. N. Guzelsu, J. F. Federici, H. C. Lim, H. R. Chauhdry, A. B. Ritter, and T. Findley, “Measurement of skin strech via light reflection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8, 80–86 (2003). Crossref
31. C. G. Rylander, O. F. Stumpp, T. E. Milner, N. J. Kemp, J. M. Mendenhall, K. R. Diller, and A. J. Welch, “Dehydration mechanism of optical clearing in tissue,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 041117 (2006). Crossref
32. T. Yu, X. Wen, V. V. Tuchin, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Quantitative analysis of dehydration in porcine skin for assessing mechanism of optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 095002 (2011). Crossref
33. W.-C. Lin, M. Motamedi, and A. J. Welch, “Dynamics of tissue optics during laser heating of turbid media,” Appl. Opt. 35(19), 3413–3420 (1996). Crossref
34. D. Zhu, J. Wang, Z. Zhi, X. Wen, and Q. Luo, “Imaging dermal blood flow through the intact rat skin with an optical clearing method,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 026008 (2010). Crossref
35. K. V. Larin, M. G. Ghosn, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, N. A. Trunina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing for OCT image enhancement and in-depth monitoring of molecular diffusion,” IEEE J. Select. Tops. Quantum Electron. 18, 1244–1259 (2012). Crossref
36. D. Zhu, K. Larin, Q. Luo, and V. V. Tuchin, “Recent progress in tissue optical clearing,” Laser & Photonics Reviews 7(5), 732-757 (2013). Crossref
37. V. A. Doubrovskii, I. Yu. Yanina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Kinetics of changes in the coefficient of transmission of the adipose tissue in vitro as a result of photodynamic action,” Biophysics 57(1), 94-98 (2012). Crossref
38. I. Yu. Yanina, N. A. Trunina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical coherence tomography of adipose tissue at photodynamic/photothermal treatment in vitro,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 6(2), 1350010 (2013).
39. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Tissue optical immersion clearing,” Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7, 825–842 (2010). Crossref
40. R. Barer, “Spectrophotometry of clarified cell suspensions,” Science 121, 709–715 (1955). Crossref
41. V. V. Bakutkin, and L. P. Shubochkin, “The increase in light transmission of the sclera and the diseased cornea,” Ophthalmological Journal 2, 105-107 (1991) (in Russian).
42. V. V. Tuchin, I. L. Maksimova, D. A. Zimnyakov, I. L. Kon, A. H. Mavlutov, and A. A. Mishin, “Light propagation in tissues with controlled optical properties,” Proc. SPIE 2925, 118-142 (1996). Crossref
43. V. V. Tuchin, I. L. Maksimova, D. A. Zimnyakov, I. L. Kon, A. H. Mavlutov, and A. A. Mishin, “Light propagation in tissues with controlled optical properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 2, 401–417 (1997). Crossref
44. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, V. I. Kochubey, V. V. Tuchin, and Y. P. Sinichkin, “The influence of osmotically active chemical agents on the transport of light in the scleral tissue,” Proc. SPIE 3726, 403-409 (1998). Crossref
45. V. V. Tuchin, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, Yu. P. Sinichkin, and N. A. Lakodina, “In vivo investigation of the immersion-liquid-induced human skin clearing dynamics,” Technical Physics Letters 27(6), 489-490 (2001). Crossref
46. E. A. Genina, Investigation of optical immersion and staining of biological tissues in vivo for optical diagnostics and laser therapy, Ph.D. thesis, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia (2002) (in Russia).
47. A. N. Bashkatov, Control of tissue optical properties by means of osmotically active immersion liquids, Ph. D. thesis, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia (2002) (in Russia).
48. I. V. Meglinskii, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, D. Yu. Churmakov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Study of the possibility of increasing the probing depth by the method of reflection confocal microscopy upon immersion clearing of near-surface human skin layers,” Quantum Electronics 32(10), 875-882 (2002). Crossref
49. I. V. Meglinski, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, D. Y. Churmakov, and V. V. Tuchin, “The enhancement of confocal images of tissues at bulk optical immersion,” Laser Physics 13(1), 65–69 (2003).
50. E. I. Galanzha, V. V. Tuchin, A. V. Solovieva, T. V. Stepanova, Q. Luo, and H. Cheng, J., “Skin backreflectance and microvascular system functioning at the action of osmotic agents,” Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36, 1739–1746 (2003). Crossref
51. V. V. Tuchin, D. M. Zhestkov, A. N. Bashkatov, and E. A. Genina, “Theoretical study of immersion optical clearing of blood in vessels at local hemolysis,” Optics Express 12(13), 2966-2971 (2004). Crossref
52. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, V. I. Kochubey, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of human dura mater,” Optics and Spectroscopy 98(3), 470-476 (2005). Crossref
53. A. N. Bashkatov, D. M. Zhestkov, E. A. Genina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Immersion clearing of human blood in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions,” Optics and Spectroscopy 98(4), 638-646 (2005). Crossref
54. V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 2497–2518 (2005). Crossref
55. V. V. Tuchin, “Optical immersion as a new tool for controlling the optical properties of tissues and blood,” Laser Phys. 15, 1109–1136 (2005).
56. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, A. A. Korobko, E. A. Zubkova, V. V. Tuchin, I. V. Yaroslavsky, and G. B. Altshuler, “Optical clearing of human skin: comparative study of permeability and dehydration of intact and photothermally perforated skin,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 021102 (2008). Crossref
57. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin. “Optical clearing of cranial bone,” Advanced Optical Technologies 267867 (2008).
58. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, K. V. Larin, and V. V. Tuchin, “Light-tissue interaction at optical clearing,” Laser Imaging and Manipulation in Cell Biology, 115-164, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2010).
59. I. V. Larina, E. F. Carbajal, V. V. Tuchin, M. E. Dickinson, and K. V. Larin, “Enhanced OCT imaging of embryonic tissue with optical clearing,” Laser Phys. Lett. 5, 476–479 (2008). Crossref
60. S. G. Proskurin, and I. V. Meglinski, “Optical coherence tomography imaging depth enhancement by superficial skin optical clearing,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4, 824–826 (2007). Crossref
61. M. Bonesi, S. G. Proskurin, and I. V. Meglinski, “Imaging of subcutaneous blood vessels and flow velocity profiles by optical coherence tomography,” Laser Phys. 20, 891–899 (2010). Crossref
62. G. Vargas, E. K. Chan, J. K. Barton, H. G. Rylander, and A. J. Welch, “Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin,” Lasers Surg. Med. 24(2), 133–141 (1999).
63. G. Vargas, “Reduction of light scattering in biological tissue: implications for optical diagnostics and therapeutics,” PhD Thesis, The University of Texas, USA (2001).
64. G. Vargas, K. F. Chan, S. L. Thomsen, and A. J. Welch, “Use of osmotically active agents to alter optical properties of tissue: effects on the detected fluorescence signal measured through skin,” Lasers Surg. Med. 29(3), 213-220 (2001).
65. G. Vargas, A. Readinger, S. S. Dosier, and A. J. Welch, “Morphological changes in blood vessels produced by hyperosmotic agents and measured by optical coherence tomography,” Photochem. Photobiol. 77, 541–549 (2003).
66. R. K. Wang, X. Xu, V. V. Tuchin, and J. B. Elder, “Concurrent enhancement of imaging depth and contrast for optical coherence tomography by hyperosmotic agents,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 948–953 (2001). Crossref
67. X. Xu, and R. K. Wang, “The role of water desorption on optical clearing of biotissue: studied with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,” Med. Phys. 30, 1246–1253 (2003). Crossref
68. Y. He, R. K. Wang, and D. Xing, “Enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution for in vivo imaging with low-level light-emitting probes by use of biocompatible chemical agents,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2076–2078 (2003). Crossref
69. Y. He, and R. K. Wang, “Dynamic optical clearing effect of tissue impregnated with hyperosmotic agents and studied with optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9, 200–206 (2004). Crossref
70. M. H. Khan, B. Choi, S. Chess, K. M. Kelly, J. McCullough, and J. S. Nelson, “Optical clearing of in vivo human skin: implications for light-based diagnostic imaging and therapeutics,” Lasers Surg. Med. 34, 83–85 (2004).
71. H. Cheng, Q. Luo, S. Zeng, S. Chen,W. Luo, and H. Gong, “Hyperosmotic chemical agent's effect on in vivo cerebral blood flow revealed by laser speckle,” Appl. Opt. 43, 5772–5777 (2004). Crossref
72. R. LaComb, O. Nadiarnykh, S. Carey, and P. J. Campagnola, “Quantitative second harmonic generation imaging and modeling of the optical clearing mechanism in striated muscle and tendon,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 021109 (2008). Crossref
73. O. Nadiarnykh, and P. J. Campagnola, “Retention of polarization signatures in SHG microscopy of scattering tissues through optical clearing,” Opt. Exp. 17, 5794–5806 (2009). Crossref
74. D. Zhu, Q. Luo, and J. Cen, “Effects of dehydration on the optical properties of in vitro porcine liver,” Lasers Surg. Med. 33, 226-231 (2003). Crossref
75. D. Zhu, J. Zhang, H. Cui, Z. Mao, P. Li, and Q. Luo, “Short-term and long-term effects of optical clearing agents on blood vessels in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021106 (2008). Crossref
76. X. Wen, Z. Mao, Z. Han, V. V. Tuchin, and D. Zhu, “In vivo skin optical clearing by glycerol solutions: mechanism,” J. Biophotonics 3(1-2), 44-52 (2010).
77. J. Wang, D. Zhu, M. Chen, and X. Liu, “Assessment of optical clearing induced improvement of laser speckle contrast imaging,” J. Innovat. Opt. Health Sci. 3, 159–167 (2010).
78. T. Yu, X. Wen, V. V. Tuchin, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Quantitative analysis of dehydration in porcine skin for assessing mechanism of optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(9), 095002 (2011). Crossref
79. J. Wang, Y. Zhang, T. Xu, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “An innovative transparent cranial window based on skull optical clearing,” Laser Phys. Lett. 9, 469–473 (2012).
80. X. Wen, S. L. Jacques, V. V. Tuchin, and D. Zhu, “Enhanced optical clearing of skin in vivo and optical coherence tomography in-depth imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 066022 (2012). Crossref
81. J. Wang, Y. Zhang, P. Li, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Review: tissue optical clearing window for blood flow monitoring,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics in Quantum Electron. 20(2), 6801112 (2014).
82. M. Kinnunen, R. Myllylä, and S. Vainio, “Detecting glucose-induced changes in in vitro and in vivo experiments with optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 021111 (2008). Crossref
83. R. Dickie, R. M. Bachoo, M. A. Rupnick, S. M. Dallabrida, G. M. DeLoid, J. Lai, R. A. DePinho, and R. A. Rogers, “Three-dimensional visualization of microvessel architecture of whole-mount tissue by confocal microscopy,” Microvasc. Res. 72, 20–26 (2006). Crossref
84. V. Hovhannisyan, P.-S. Hu, S.-J. Chen, C.-S. Kim, and C.-Y. Dong, “Elucidation of the mechanisms of optical clearing in collagen tissue with multiphoton imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(4), 046004 (2013). Crossref
85. H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori, H. Noda, K. Fukami, A. Sakaue-Sawano, and A. Miyawaki, “Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain,” Nature Neurosci. 14, 1481–1488 (2011). Crossref
86. H. U. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, K. Deininger, J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgnsberger, and K. Becker, “Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain,” Nature Methods 4(4), 331–336 (2007). Crossref
87. A. Ertürk, C. P. Mauch, F. Hellal, F. Förstner, T. Keck, K. Becker, N. Jährling, H. Steffens, M. Richter, M. Hübener, E. Kramer, F. Kirchhoff, H. U. Dodt, and F. Bradke, “Three-dimensional imaging of the unsectioned adult spinal cord to assess axon regeneration and glial responses after injury,” Nature Med. 18, 166–171 (2012). Crossref
88. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, Yu. P. Sinichkin, V. I. Kochubey, N. A. Lakodina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Glucose and mannitol diffusion in human dura mater,” Biophys. J. 85(5), 3310-3318 (2003). Crossref
89. M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Depth-resolved monitoring of glucose diffusion in tissues by using optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett. 31, 2314–2316 (2006). Crossref
90. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Measurement of glucose diffusion coefficients in human tissues,” Chap. 19 in Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 587-621, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, CRC Press (2009).
91. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, Yu. P. Sinichkin, V. I. Kochubei, N. A. Lakodina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Estimation of the glucose diffusion coefficient in human eye sclera,” Biophysics 48(2), 292-296 (2003).
92. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Zubkova, T. G. Kamenskikh, and V. V. Tuchin, “Measurements of Retinalamin diffusion coefficient in human sclera by optical spectroscopy,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering 46, 915-920 (2008). Crossref
93. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, V. V. Tuchin, M. G. Ghosn, K. V. Larin, and T. G. Kamenskikh, “Cortexin diffusion in human eye sclera,” Quantum Electronics 41(5), 407-413 (2011). Crossref
94. E. A. Zubkina, E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of eye tissues,” Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 13(4(2)), 588-594 (2011) (in Russia).
95. M. G. Ghosn, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Nondestructive quantification of analyte diffusion in cornea and sclera using optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthal. Visual Sci. 48, 2726–2733 (2007). Crossref
96. M. G. Ghosn, E. F. Carbajal, N. Befrui, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Differential permeability rate and percent clearing of glucose in different regions in rabbit sclera,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 021110 (2008). Crossref
97. M. G. Ghosn, N. Sudheendran, M. Wendt, A. Glasser, V. V. Tuchin, and K. V. Larin, “Monitoring of glucose permeability in monkey skin in vivo using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biophotonics 3, 25–33 (2010). Crossref
98. X. Guo, Z. Guo, H. Wei, H. Yang, Y. He, S. Xie, G. Wu, X. Deng, Q. Zhao, and L. Li, “In vivo comparison of the optical clearing efficacy of optical clearing agents in human skin by quantifying permeability using optical coherence tomography,” Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 734–740 (2011). Crossref
99. K. V. Larin, M. G. Ghosn, S. N. Ivers, A. Tellez, and J. F. Granada, “Quantification of glucose diffusion in arterial tissues by using optical coherence tomography,” Laser Physics Letters 4(4), 312-317 (2007). Crossref
100. X. Guo, G. Wu, H. Wei, X. Deng, H. Yang, Y. Ji, Y. He, Z. Guo, S. Xie, H. Zhong, Q. Zhao, and Z. Zhu, “Quantification of glucose diffusion in human lung tissues by using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography,” Photochem. Photobiol. 88, 311–316 (2012). Crossref
101. S. Tanev, V. V. Tuchin, and P. Paddon, “Cell membrane and gold nanoparticles effects on optical immersion experiments with noncancerous and cancerous cells: finite-difference time-domain modeling,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 064037 (2006). Crossref
102. M. G. Ghosn, E. F. Carbajal, N. A. Befrui, A. Tellez, J. F. Granada, and K. V. Larin, “Permeability of hyperosmotic agent in normal and atherosclerotic vascular tissues,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 010505 (2008). Crossref
103. H. Q. Zhong, Z. Y. Guo, H. J. Wei, C. C. Zeng, H. L. Xiong, Y. H. He, and S. H. Liu, “Quantification of glycerol diffusion in human normal and cancer breast tissues in vitro with optical coherence tomography,” Laser Phys. Lett. 7, 315–320 (2010). Crossref
104. Q. L. Zhao, J. L. Si, Z. Y. Guo, H. J. Wei, H. Q. Yang, G. Y. Wu, S. S. Xie, X. Y. Li, X. Guo, H. Q. Zhong, and L. Q. Li, “Quantifying glucose permeability and enhanced light penetration in ex vivo human normal and cancerous esophagus tissues with optical coherence tomography,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8, 71–77 (2011).
105. Z. Zhu, G. Wu, H. Wei, H. Yang, Y. He, S. Xie, Q. Zhao, and X. Guo, “Investigation of the permeability and optical clearing ability of different analytes in human normal and cancerous breast tissues by spectral domain OCT,” J. Biophoton. 5, 1–8 (2012). Crossref
106. B. Choi, L. Tsu, E. Chen, T. S. Ishak, S. M. Iskandar, S. Chess, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of chemical agent optical clearing potential using in vitro human skin,” Lasers Surg. Med. 36, 72–75 (2005). Crossref
107. Z. Mao, D. Zhu, Y. Hu, X. Wen, and Z. Han, “Influence of alcohols on the optical clearing effect of skin in vitro,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 021104 (2008). Crossref
108. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, Yu. P. Sinichkin, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical clearing of skin under action of glycerol: ex vivo and in vivo investigations,” Optics and Spectroscopy 109(2), 225-231 (2010). Crossref
109. J. Hirshburg, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and A. T. Yeh, “Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39, 140-144 (2007). Crossref
110. J. M. Hirshburg, K. M. Ravikumar, W. Hwang, and A. T. Yeh, “Molecular basis for optical clearing of collagenous tissues,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(5), 055002 (2010). Crossref
111. J. Wang, N. Ma, R. Shi, Y. Zhang, T. Yu, and D. Zhu, “Sugar-induced skin optical clearing: from molecular dynamics simulation to experimental demonstration,” IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 20(2), 7101007 (2014).
112. A. T. Yeh, and J. Hirshburg, “Molecular interactions of exogenous chemical agents with collagen-implications for tissue optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(1), 014003 (2006). Crossref
113. Y. Ding, J. Wang, Z. Fan, D. Wei, R. Shi, Q. Luo, D. Zhu, and X. Wei, “Signal and depth enhancement for in vivo flow cytometer measurement of ear skin by optical clearing agents,” Biomed. Opt. Exp. 4(11), 2518-2526 (2013). Crossref
114. J. Jiang, and R. K. Wang, “Comparing the synergistic effects of oleic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide as vehicles for optical clearing of skin tissue in vitro,” Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 5283–5294 (2004). Crossref
115. Y. Liu, X. Yang, D. Zhu, and Q. Luo, “Optical clearing agents improve photoacoustic imaging in the optical diffusive regime,” Optics Letters 38(20), 4236-4239 (2013). Crossref
116. X. Xu, and R. K. Wang, “Synergistic effect of hyperosmotic agents of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol on optical clearing of gastric tissue studied with near infrared spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 457–468 (2004). Crossref
117. J. Jiang, M. Boese, P. Turner, and R. K. Wang, “Penetration kinetics of dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol in dynamic optical clearing of porcine skin tissue in vitro studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021105 (2008). Crossref
118. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Kolesnikova, M. V. Basco, G. S. Terentyuk, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical coherence tomography monitoring of enhanced skin optical clearing in rats in vivo,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(2), 021109 (2014). Crossref
119. A. N. Bashkatov, A. N. Korolevich, V. V. Tuchin, Y. P. Sinichkin, E. A. Genina, M. M. Stolnitz, N. S. Dubina, S. I. Vecherinski, and M. S. Belsley, “In vivo investigation of human skin optical clearing and blood microcirculation under the action of glucose solution,” Asian J. Physics 15(1), 1–14 (2006).
120. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Glucose-induced optical clearing effects in tissues and blood,” Chap. 21 in Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 657-692, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, CRC Press (2009).
121. A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, “Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 121, 1332–1335 (2003). Crossref
122. J. Hirshburg, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and A. T. Yeh, “Collagen solubility correlates with skin optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 040501 (2006). Crossref
123. J. W. Wiechers, J. C. Dederen, and A. V. Rawlings, “Moisturization mechanisms: internal occlusion by orthorhombic lipid phase stabilizers a novel mechanism of action of skin moisturization,” Chap. 9 in Skin Moisturization, 2nd ed., A. V. Rawlings and J. J. Leyden, Eds., pp. 309–321, Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis Group, New York (2009).
124. A. V. Papaev, G. V. Simonenko, V. V. Tuchin, and T. P. Denisova, “Optical anisotropy of a biological tissue under conditions of immersion clearing and without them,” Optics and Spectroscopy 101(1), 46-53 (2006). Crossref
125. A. Roggan, M. Friebel, K. Dorschel, A. Hahn, and G. Mueller, “Optical properties of circulating human blood in the wavelength range 400–2500 nm,” J. Biomed. Opt. 4, 36–46 (1999). Crossref
126. M. Friebel, J. Helfmann, and M. Meinke, “Influence of osmolarity on the optical properties of human erythrocytes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(5), 055005 (2010). Crossref
127. I. Fine, B. Fikhte, and L. D. Shvartsman, ”RBC aggregation assisted light transmission through blood and occlusion oximetry,” Proc. SPIE 4162, 130–139 (2000).
128. V. V. Tuchin, X. Xu, and R. K. Wang, “Dynamic optical coherence tomography in studies of optical clearing, sedimentation, and aggregation of immersed blood,” Appl. Opt. 41(1), 258–271 (2002). Crossref
129. H. Schaefer, and T. E. Redelmeier, Skin Barrier, Karger, Basel (1996).
130. C. Liu, Z. Zhi, V. V. Tuchin, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Enhancement of skin optical clearing efficacy using photo-irradiation,” Lasers Surg. Med. 42, 132–140 (2010). Crossref
131. V. V. Tuchin, G. B. Altshuler, A. A. Gavrilova, A. B. Pravdin, D. Tabatadze, J. Childs, and I. V. Yaroslavsky, “Optical clearing of skin using flashlamp-induced enhancement of epidermal permeability,” Lasers Surg. Med. 38, 824–836 (2006).
132. E. A. Kolesnikova, A. S. Kolesnikov, E. A. Genina, L. E. Dolotov, D. K. Tuchina, A. N. Bashkatov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Use of fractional laser microablation of skin for improvement of its immersion clearing,” Proc. SPIE 8699, 86990B (2013).
133. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, V. V. Tuchin, G. B. Altshuler, and I. V. Yaroslavski, “Possibility of increasing the efficiency of laser-induced tattoo removal by optical skin clearing,” Quantum Electronics 38(6), 580-587 (2008). Crossref
134. X. Xu, Q. Zhu, and C. Sun, “Assessment of the effects of ultrasound-mediated alcohols on skin optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 034042 (2009). Crossref
135. H. Zhong, Z. Guo, H. Wei, C. Zeng, H. Xiong, Y. He, and S. Liu, “In vitro study of ultrasound and different-concentration glycerol-induced changes in human skin optical attenuation assessed with optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 036012 (2010). Crossref
136. O. Stumpp, B. Chen, and B. Welch, “Using sandpaper for noninvasive transepidermal optical skin clearing agent delivery,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 041118 (2006). Crossref
137. J. Yoon, T. Son, E. Choi, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. Jung, “Enhancement of optical clearing efficacy using a microneedle roller,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021103 (2008). Crossref
138. J. Yoon, D. Park, T. Son, J. Seo, J. S. Nelson, and B. Jung, “A physical method to enhance transdermal delivery of a tissue optical clearing agent: combination of microneedling and sonophoresis,” Lasers Surg. Med. 42, 412-417 (2010). Crossref
139. M. A. Fox, D. G. Diven, K. Sra, A. Boretsky, T. Poonawalla, A. Readinger, M. Motamedi, and R. J. Nichols, “Dermal scatter reduction in human skin: a method using controlled application of glycerol,” Lasers Surg. Med. 41, 251-255 (2009). Crossref
140. C. G. Rylander, T. E. Milner, S. A. Baranov, and J. S. Nelson, “Mechanical tissue optical clearing devices: enhancement of light penetration in ex vivo porcine skin and adipose tissue,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40, 688-694 (2008). Crossref
141. X. Xu, and Q. Zhu, “Evaluation of skin optical clearing enhancement with Azone as a penetration enhancer,” Optics Communications 279, 223-228 (2007). Crossref
142. J. Jiang, and R. K. Wang, “How different molarities of oleic acid as enhancer exert its effect on optical clearing of skin tissue in vitro,” Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, 13, 149-159 (2005).
143. J. Jiang, M. Boese, P. Turner, and R. K. Wang, “Penetration kinetics of dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol in dynamic optical clearing of porcine skin tissue in vitro studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021105 (2008). Crossref
144. A. K. Bui, R. A. McClure, J. Chang, C. Stoianovici, J. Hirshburg, A. T. Yeh, and B. Choi, “Revisiting optical clearing with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),” Lasers Surg. Med. 41, 142-148 (2009). Crossref
145. M. Zimmerley, R. A. McClure, B. Choi, and E. O. Potma, “Following dimethyl sulfoxide skin optical clearing dynamics with quantitative nonlinear multimodal microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 48(10), D79-D87 (2009).
146. S. Karma, J. Homan, C. Stoianovic, and B. Choi, “Enhanced fluorescence imaging with DMSO-mediated optical clearing,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 3(3), 153-158 (2010).
147. Z. Zhi, Z. Han, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Improve optical clearing of skin in vitro with propylene glycol as a penetration enhancer,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2(3), 269-278 (2009).
148. X. Xu, Q. Zhu, and C. Sun, “Combined effect of ultrasound-SLS on skin optical clearing,” IEEE Photonic Technol. Lett. 20(24), 2117–2119 (2008). Crossref
149. H. Zhong, Z. Guo, H. Wei, L. Guo, C. Wang, Y. He, H. Xiong, and S. Liu, “Synergistic effect of ultrasound and thiazone–PEG 400 on human skin optical clearing in vivo,” Photochem. Photobiol. 86(3), 732–737 (2010). Crossref
150. T. Kurihara-Bergstrom, K. Knutson, L. J. de Noble, and C. Y. Goates, “Percutaneous absorption enhancement of an ionic molecule by ethanol–water system in human skin,” Pharm. Res. 7, 762–766 (1990).
151. A. C. Williams, and B. W. Barry, “Penetration enhancers,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56, 603–618 (2004).
152. J.-M. Andanson, K. L. A. Chan, and S. G. Kazarian, “High-throughput spectroscopic imaging applied to permeation through the skin,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(5), 512–517 (2009). Crossref
153. A. P. Funke, R. Schiller, H. W. Motzkus, C. Gunther, R. H. Muller, and R. Lipp, “Transdermal delivery of highly lipophilic drugs: in vitro fluxes of antiestrogens, permeation enhancers, and solvents from liquid formulations,” Pharm. Res. 19(5), 661–668 (2002).
154. A. Pagnoni, A. Knuettel, P. Welker, M. Rist, T. Stoudemayer, L. Kolbe, I. Sadiq, and A. M. Kligman, “Optical coherence tomography in dermatology,” Skin Res. Technol. 5(2), 83–87 (1999).
155. R. Samatham, K. G. Phillips, and S. L. Jacques, “Assessment of optical clearing agents using reflectance-mode confocal scanning laser microscopy,” J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 3(3), 183–188 (2010).
156. P. Liu, Y. Huang, Z. Guo, J. Wang, Z. Zhuang, and S. Liu, “Discrimination of dimethyl sulphoxide diffusion coefficient in the process of optical clearing by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(2), 020507 (2013). Crossref
157. G. Terentyuk, E. Panfilova, V. Khanadeev, D. Chumakov, E. Genina, A. Bashkatov, V. Tuchin, N. Khlebtsov, and B. Khlebtsov, “Gold nanorods with hematoporphyrin-loaded silica shell for dual-modality photodynamic and photothermal treatment of tumors in vivo,” NanoResearch 7(3), 325–337 (2014).
158. O. Stumpp, A. J. Welch, and J. Neev, “Enhancement of transdermal skin clearing agent delivery using a 980 nm diode laser,” Lasers Surg. Med. 37, 278–285 (2005). Crossref
159. A. Tezel, and S. Mitragotri, “Interaction of inertial cavitation bubbles with stratum corneum lipid bilayers during low frequency sonophoresis,” Biophys. J. 85, 3502–3512 (2003). Crossref
160. A. K. Nugroho, G. L. Li, M. Danhof, and J. A. Bouwstra, “Transdermal iontophoresis of rotigotine across human stratum corneum in vitro: influence of pH and NaCl concentration,” Pharm. Res. 21(5), 844–850 (2004). Crossref
161. O. Stumpp, and A. J. Welch, “Injection of glycerol into porcine skin for optical skin clearing with needle-free injection gun and determination of agent distribution using OCT and fluorescence microscopy,” Proc. SPIE 4949, 44–50 (2003).
162. H.-J. Weigmann, J. Lademann, S. Schanzer, U. Lindemann, R. von Pelchrzim, H. Schaefer, W. Sterry, and V. Shah, “Correlation of the local distribution of topically applied substances inside the stratum corneum determined by tape stripping to differences in bioavailability,” Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 14, 93–103 (2001). Crossref
163. W. R. Lee, R. Y. Tsai, C. L. Fang, C. J. Liu, C. H. Hu, and J. Y. Fang, “Microdermabrasion as a novel tool to enhance drug delivery via the skin: an animal study,” J. Dermatol. Surg. 32, 1013–1022 (2006). Crossref
164. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, V. V. Tuchin, and G. B. Altshuler, “Skin optical clearing for improvement of laser tattoo removal,” Laser Physics 19(6), 1312-1322 (2009). Crossref
165. X. Xu, and Q. Zhu, “Feasibility of sonophoretic delivery for effective skin optical clearing,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55(4), 1432–1437 (2008). Crossref
166. X. Xu, and Q. Zhu, “Sonophoretic delivery for contrast and depth improvement in skin optical coherence tomography,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(1), 56–61 (2008). Crossref
167. I. Lavon, N. Grossman, J. Kost, E. Kimmel, and G. Enden, “Bubble growth within the skin by rectified diffusion might play a significant role in sonophoresis,” J. Controlled Release 117(2), 246–255 (2007). Crossref
168. X. Xu, and C. Sun, “Ultrasound enhanced skin optical clearing: microstructural changes,” J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 3(3), 189–194 (2010).
169. A. K. Nugroho, O. Della Pasqua, M. Danhof, and J. A. Bouwstra, “Compartmental modeling of transdermal iontophoretic transport: I. in vitro model derivation and application,” Pharmaceutical Research 21(11), 1974-1984 (2004). Crossref
170. J. Wang, X. Zhou, S. Duan, Z. Chen, and D. Zhu, “Improvement of in vivo rat skin optical clearing with chemical penetration enhancers,” Proc. SPIE 7883, 78830Y (2011).
171. Yu. P. Sinichkin, and S. R. Utz, In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy of human skin, Saratov: Saratov University Press (2001).
172. Yu. P. Sinichkin, N. Kollias, G. Zonios, S. R. Utz, and V. V. Tuchin, “Back reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy of the human skin in vivo,” in Handbook on Optical Biomedical Diagnostics and Imaging, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 725-785, Bellingham, SPIE Press (2002).
173. G. A. Askar'yan, “Enhancement of transmission of laser and other radiation by soft turbid physical and biological media,” Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 12(7), 877-880 (1982). Crossref
174. E. K. Chan, B. Sorg, D. Protsenko, M. O’Neil, M. Motamedi, and A. J. Welch, “Effects of compression on soft tissue optical properties,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics in Quantum Electr. 2(4), 943–950 (1996). Crossref
175. H. Shangguan, S. A. Prahl, S. L. Jacques, and L. W. Casperson, “Pressure effects on soft tissues monitored by changes in tissue optical properties,” Proc. SPIE 3254, 366–371 (1998).
176. Yu. P. Sinichkin, S. R. Uts, and E. A. Pilipenko, “Spectroscopy of human skin in vivo: 1. Reflection spectra,” Optics and Spectroscopy 80(2). 228-234 (1996).
177. B. W. Murphy, R. J. Webster, B. A. Turlach, C. J. Quirk, C. D. Clay, P. J. Heenan, and D. D. Sampson, “Toward the discrimination of early melanoma from common and dysplastic nevus using fiber optic diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” J Biomed. Opt. 10(6), 064020 (2005). Crossref
178. W. Chen, R. Liu, K. Xu, and R. K. Wang, “Influence of contact state on NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in vivo,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 2691-2695 (2005). Crossref
179. L. L. Randeberg, Diagnostic applications of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (2005).
180. S. A. Carp, T. Kauffman, Q. Fang, E. Rafferty, R. Moore, D. Kopans, and D. Boas, “Compression-induced changes in the physiological state of the breast as observed through frequency domain photon migration measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(6), 064016 (2006). Crossref
181. R. Reif, M. S. Amorosino, K. W. Calabro, O. A’Amar, S. K. Singh, and I. J. Bigio, “Analysis of changes in reflectance measurements on biological tissues subjected to different probe pressures,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(1), 010502 (2008). Crossref
182. Y. Ti, and W. C. Lin, “Effects of probe contact pressure on in vivo optical spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4250-4262 (2008). Crossref
183. A. Cerussi, S. Siavoshi, A. Durkin, C. Chen, W. Tanamai, D. Hsiang, and B. J. Tromberg, “Effect of contact force on breast tissue optical property measurements using a broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy handheld probe,” Appl. Opt. 48, 4270-4277 (2009). Crossref
184. J. A. Delgado Atencio, E. E. Orozco Guillén, S. Vázquezy Montiel, M. Cunill Rodríguez, J. Castro Ramos, J. L. Gutiérrez, and F. Martínez, “Influence of probe pressure on human skin diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements,” Optical Memory & Neural Networks (Information Optics) 18(1), 6-14 (2009). Crossref
185. L. Lim, B. Nichols, N. Rajaram, and J. W. Tunnell, “Probe pressure effects on human skin diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(1), 011012 (2011). Crossref
186. S. Ruderman, A. J. Gomes, V. Stoyneva, J. D. Rogers, A. J. Fought, B. D. Jovanovic, and V. Backman, “Analysis of pressure, angle and temporal effects on tissue optical properties from polarization-gated spectroscopic probe measurements,” Biomedical Optics Express 1(2), 489-499 (2010). Crossref
187. Yu. P. Sinichkin, S. R. Uts, I. V. Meglinskii, and E. A. Pilipenko, “Spectroscopy of human skin in vivo: II. Fluorescence spectra,” Optics and Spectroscopy 80(3). C. 383-389 (1996).
188. A. Nath, K. Rivoire, S. Chang, D. Cox, E. N. Atkinson, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Effect of probe pressure on cervical fluorescence spectroscopy measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(3), 523-533 (2004). Crossref
189. K. Rivoire, A. Nath, D. Cox, E. N. Atkinson, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. Follen, “The effects of repeated spectroscopic pressure measurements on fluorescence intensity in the cervix,” Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 191(5), 1606-1617 (2004). Crossref
190. A. Izquierdo-Roman, W. C. Vogt, L. Hyacinth, and C. G. Rylander, “Mechanical tissue optical clearing technique increases imaging resolution and contrast through ex vivo porcine skin,” Lasers Surg. Med. 43, 814–823 (2011). Crossref
191. V. V. Sapozhnikova, R. V. Kuranov, I. Cicenaite, R. O. Esenaliev, and D. S. Prough, “Effect on blood glucose monitoring of skin pressure exerted by an optical coherence tomography probe,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021112 (2008). Crossref
192. M. Y. Kirillin, P. D. Agrba, and V. A. Kamensky, ”In vivo study of the effect of mechanical compression on formation of OCT images of human skin,” J. Biophotonics 3(12), 752–758 (2010). Crossref
193. A. A. Gurjarpadhye, W. C. Vogt, Y. Liu, and C. G. Rylander, “Effect of localized mechanical indentation on skin water content evaluated using OCT,” Int. J. Biomed. Imag. 2011, 817250 (2011). Crossref
194. M. H. Khan, B. Choi, S. Chess, K. M. Kelly, J. McCullought, and J. S. Nelson, “Optical clearing of in vivo human skin: Implications for light-based diagnostic imaging and therapeutics,” Lasers Surg. Med. 34(2), 83-85 (2004).
195. H. Kang, T. Son, J. Yoon, K. Kwon, J. S. Nelson, and B. Jung, “Evaluation of laser beam profile in soft tissue due to compression, glycerol, and micro-needling,” Laser Surg. Med. 40(8), 570-575 (2008). Crossref
196. C. G. Rylander, T. E. Milner, S. A. Baranov, and J. S. Nelson, “Mechanical tissue optical clearing devices: enhancement of light penetration in ex vivo porcine skin and adipose tissue,” Lasers Surg. Med. 40(10), 688-694 (2008). Crossref
197. I. V. Ermakov, and W. Gellermann, “Dermal carotenoid measurements via pressure mediated reflection spectroscopy,” J. Biophotonics 5(7), 559-570 (2012). Crossref
198. L. E. Dolotov, and Yu. P. Sinichkin, “Features of applying fiber-optic sensors in spectral measurements of biological tissues,” Optics and Spectroscopy 115(2), 187-192 (2013). Crossref
199. C. Li, J. Jiang, and K. Xu, “The variations of water in human tissue under certain compression: studied with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 6(1), 1350005 (2013).
200. K. A. Martin, Direct measurement of moisture in skin by NIR spectroscopy,” J. Soc. Cosm. Chem. 44, 249-261 (1993).
201. C. W. J. Oomens, D. H. Vancampen, and H. J. Grootenboer, “A mixture approach to the mechanics of skin,” J. Biomech. 20(9), 877-885 (1987). Crossref
202. A. Hidenobu, and E. Mariko, “Non-contact skin moisture measurement based on near-infrared spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 58, 1439-1446 (2004). Crossref
203. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Optical properties of skin, subcutaneous and muscle tissues, a review,” J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 14(1), 9-38 (2011).
204. T. L. Troy, and S. N. Thennadil, “Optical properties of human skin in the NIR wavelength range of 1000-2200 nm,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 167-176 (2001). Crossref
205. I. Yu. Yanina, G. V. Simonenko, and V. V. Tuchin, “Destructive fat tissue engineering using photodynamic and selective photothermal effects,” Proc SPIE 7179, 71790C (2009).
206. V. A. Doubrovsky, I. Yu. Yanina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Inhomogeneity of photo-induced fat cell lipolysis,” Proc. SPIE 7999, 79990M (2011).
207. Yu. A. Vladimirov, and A. Ya. Potapenko, Physico-chemical basis of photobiological processes, Moscow: Dropha (2006).
208. M. Wanner, M. Avram, D. Gagnon, M. C. Mihm Jr., D. Zurakowski, K. Watanabe, Z. Tannous, R. R. Anderson, and D. Manstein, “Effects of noninvasive, 1210 nm laser exposure on adipose tissue: results of a human pilot study,” Lasers Surg. Med. 41, 401–407 (2009).
209. W. R. Chen, R. L. Adams, S. Heaton, D. T. Dickey, K. E. Bartels, and R. E. Nordquist, “Chromophore-enhanced laser-tumor tissue photothermal interaction using an 808-nm diode laser,” Cancer Lett. 88, 15-19 (1995). Crossref
210. W. R. Chen, R. L. Adams, A. K. Higgins, K. E. Bartels, and R. E. Nordquist, “Photothermal effects on murine mammary tumors using indocyanine green and an 808-nm diode laser: an in vivo efficacy,” Cancer Lett. 98, 169-173 (1996). Crossref
211. S. Fickweiler, R. M. Szeimies, W. Baumler, P. Steinbach, S. Karrer, A. E. Goetz, C. Abels, F. Hofstadter, and M. Landthaler, “Indocyanine green: intracellular uptake and phototherapeutic effects in vitro,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 38, 178-183 (1997). Crossref
212. V. V. Tuchin, E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, G. V. Simonenko, O. D. Odoevskaya, and G. B. Altshuler, “A pilot study of ICG laser therapy of acne vulgaris: photodynamic and photothermolysis treatment,” Lasers Surg. Med. 33(5), 296-310 (2003). Crossref
213. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, G. V. Simonenko, O. D. Odoevskaya, V. V. Tuchin, and G. B. Altshuler, “Low-intensity Indocyanine green - laser phototherapy of acne vulgaris: Pilot study,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(4), 828-834 (2004). Crossref
214. V. I. Kochubey, T. V. Kulyabina, V. V. Tuchin, and G. B. Altshuler, “Spectral characteristics of indocyanine green upon its interaction with biological tissues,” Optics and Spectroscopy 99(4), 560-566 (2005). Crossref
215. E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, Yu. P. Sinichkin, V. I. Kochubey, N. A. Lakodina, G. B. Altshuler, and V. V. Tuchin, “In vitro and in vivo study of dye diffusion into the human skin and hair follicles,” J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 471–477 (2002). Crossref
216. E. Engel, R. Schraml, T. Maisch, K. Kobuch, B. König, R.-M. Szeimies, J. Hillenkamp, W. Bäumler, and R. Vasold, “Light-induced decomposition of indocyanine green,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49, 1777–1783 (2008). Crossref
217. M. Sznitowska, “The influence of ethanol on permeation behavior of the porous pathway in the stratum corneum,” Int. J. Pharmacol. 137, 137-140 (1996). Crossref
218. A. K. Levang, K. Zhao, and J. Singh, “Effect of ethanol/propylene glycol on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of aspirin, biophysical changes and macroscopic barrier properties of the skin,” Int. J. Pharm. 181, 255-263 (1999). Crossref
219. C. A. Squier, M. J. Kremer, and P. W. Wertz, “Effect of ethanol on lipid metabolism and epidermal permeability barrier of skin and oral mucosa in the rat,” J. Oral Pathol. Med. 32, 595-599 (2003). Crossref
220. V. A. Dubrovskii, B. A. Dvorkin, I. Yu. Yanina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Photoaction upon adipose tissue cells in vitro,” Cell and Tissue Biology 5(5), 520-529 (2011). Crossref
221. B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and J. D. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd edition, Vol. 1, Garland Publishing. Inc. New York London (1989).
222. A. L. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, Vol. 2, Worth Publisher, Inc. (1982).
223. L. Stryer, Biochemistry, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco (1981).
224. I. Yu. Yanina, N. A. Trunina, and V. V. Tuchin, “Photoinduced cell morphology alterations quantified within adipose tissues by spectral optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(11), 111407 (2013). Crossref
225. R. K. Wang, and V. V. Tuchin, “Enhance light penetration in tissue for high resolution optical imaging techniques by the use of biocompatible chemical agents,” J. X-Ray Science and Technol. 10, 167-176 (2002).
226. R. K. Wang, and J. B. Elder, “Propylene glycol as a contrasting agent for optical coherence tomography to image gastrointestinal tissues,” Lasers Surg. Med. 30(3), 201-208 (2002).
227. H. Xiong, Z. Guo, C. Zeng, L. Wang, Y. He, and S. Liu, “Application of hyperosmotic agent to determine gastric cancer with optical coherence tomography ex vivo in mice,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024029 (2009). Crossref
228. H. Q. Zhong, Z. Y. Guo, H. J. Wei, J. L. Si, L. Guo, Q. L. Zhao, C. C. Zeng, H. L. Xiong, Y. H. He, and S. H. Liu, “Enhancement of permeability of glycerol with ultrasound in human normal and cancer breast tissues in vitro using optical coherence tomography,” Laser Physics Letters 7(5), 388-395 (2010). Crossref
229. Z. Zhu, H. Wei, G. Wu, H. Yang, Y. He, and S. Xie, “Synergistic effect of hyperosmotic agents and sonophoresis on breast tissue optical properties and permeability studied with spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt. 17(8), 086002 (2012). Crossref
230. D. J. Faber, F. J. van der Meer, M. C. G. Aalders, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Quantitative measurement of attenuation coefficients of weakly scattering media using optical coherence tomography,” Optics Express 12(19), 4353-4365 (2004). Crossref
231. P. Lee, W. Gao, and X. Zhang, “Performance of single-scattering model versus multiple-scattering model in the determination of optical properties of biological tissue with optical coherence tomography,” Appl. Opt. 49(18), 3538-3544 (2010). Crossref
232. K. V. Larin, and V. V. Tuchin, “Monitoring of glucose diffusion in epithelial tissues with optical coherence tomography,” Chap. 20 in Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 635-668, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, CRC Press (2009).
233. T. Yamaguchi, N. Omatsu, E. Morimoto, H. Nakashima, K. Ueno, T. Tanaka, K. Satouchi, F. Hirose, and T. Osumi, “CGI-58 facilitates lipolysis on lipid droplets but is not involved in the vesiculation of lipid droplets caused by hormonal stimulation,” J. Lipid Res. 48(5), 1078-1089 (2007). Crossref
234. J. Sharpe, “Optical projection tomography,” Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 6, 209–228 (2004). Crossref
235. J. Sharpe, U. Ahlgren, P. Perry, B. Hill, A. Ross, J. Hesksher-Sorensen, R. Baldock, and D. Davidson, “Optical projection tomography as a tool for 3D microscopy and gene expression studies,” Science 296, 541–545 (2002). Crossref
236. T. Alanentalo, A. Asayesh, H. Morrison, C. E. Loren, D. Holmberg, J. Sharpe, and U. Ahlgren, “Tomographic molecular imaging and 3D quantification within adult mouse organs,” Nature Methods 4(1), 31–33 (2007). Crossref
237. T. Alanentalo, C. E. Loren, A. Larefalk, J. Sharpe, D. Holmberg, and U. Ahlgren, “High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of isletinfiltrate interactions based on optical projection tomography assessments of the intact adult mouse pancreas,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(5), 054070 (2008). Crossref
238. H. Schneckenburger, R. Steiner, W. S. L. Strauss, K. Stock, and R. Sailer, “Fluorescence Technologies in Biomedical Diagnostics,” Chap. 15 in Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, V. V. Tuchin (Ed.), pp. 825-874, SPIE Press, PM107, Bellingham (2002).
239. H. Ashkenazi, Z. Malik, Y. Harth, and Y. Nitzan, “Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes by its endogenic porphyrins after illumination with high intensity blue light,” FEMS Immunol. and Med. Microbiol. 35, 17-24 (2003).
240. Y. Kotoku, J. Kato, G. Akashi, Y. Hirai, and K. Ishihara, “Bactericidal effect of a 405-nm diode laser on Porphyromonas gingivalis,” Laser Physics Letters 6(5), 388-392 (2009). Crossref
241. K. König, G. Flemming, and R. Hibst, “Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy of dental caries lesion,” Cell. Mol. Biol. 44, 1293-1300 (1998).
242. E. G. Borisova, T. T. Uzunov, and L. A. Avramov, “Early differentiation between caries and tooth demineralization using laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy,” Lasers Surg. Med. 34, 249-253 (2004). Crossref
243. E. Borisova, T. Uzunov, and L. Avramov, “Laser-induced autofluorescence study of caries model in vitro,” Lasers Med. Sci. 21(1), 34-41 (2006). Crossref
244. R. R. Alfano, W. Lam, H. J. Zarrabi, M. A. Alfano, J. Cordero, D. B. Tata, and C. E. Swenberg, “Human teeth with and without caries studied by laser scattering, fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopy,” IEEE J. Quantum Electronics QE-20(12), 1512-1516 (1984). Crossref
245. K. Konig, H. Schneckenburger, and R. Hibst, “Time-gated in vivo autofluorescence imaging of dental caries,” Cell. Mol. Biol. 45, 233-239 (1999).
246. E. Borisova, P. Troyanova, P. Pavlova, and L. Avramov, “Diagnostics of pigmented skin tumors based on laser-induced autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Quantum Electronics 38(6), 597-605 (2008). Crossref
247. E. Borisova, E. Carstea, L. Cristescu, E. Pavlova, N. Hadjiolov, P. Troyanova, and L. Avramov, “Light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography of basal cell carcinoma,” Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2(3), 261-268 (2009).
248. S. K. Chang, Y. N. Mirabal, E. N. Atkinson, D. Cox, A. Malpica, M. Follen, and R. R. Richards-Kortum, “Combined reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cervical pre-cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024031 (2005). Crossref
249. A. Alimova, A. Katz, V. Sriramoju, Y. Budansky, A. A. Bykov, R. Zeylikovich, and R. R. Alfano, “Hybrid phosphorescence and fluorescence native spectroscopy for breast cancer detection,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(1), 014004 (2007). Crossref
250. A. Gerger, S. Koller, T. Kern, C. Massone, K. Steiger, E. Richtig, H. Kerl, and J. Smolle, “Diagnostic applicability of in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in melanocytic skin tumors,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 124, 493–498 (2005). Crossref
251. S.-J. Tseng, Y.-H. Lee, Z.-H. Chen, H.-H. Lin, C.-Y. Lin, and S.-C. Tang, “Integration of optical clearing and optical sectioning microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of natural biomaterial scaffolds in thin sections,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044004 (2009). Crossref
252. Y.-Y. Fu, C.-W. Lin, G. Enikolopov, E. Sibley, A.-S. Chiang, and S.-C. Tang, “Microtome-free 3-dimensional confocal imaging method for visualization of mouse intestine with subcellular-level resolution,” Gastroenterology 137(2), 453–465 (2009). Crossref
253. Y.-Y. Fu, and S.-C. Tang, “Optical clearing facilitates integrated 3D visualization of mouse ileal microstructure and vascular network with high definition,” Microvascular Res. 80, 512-521 (2010). Crossref
254. Y.-A. Liu, Y. Chen, A.-S. Chiang, S.-J. Peng, P. J. Pasricha, and S.-C. Tang, “Optical clearing improves the imaging depth and signal-to-noise ratio for digital analysis and three-dimensional projection of the human enteric nervous system,” Neurogastroenterology & Motility 23, e446-e457 (2011). Crossref
255. Y.-Y. Fu, C.-H. Lu, C.-W. Lin, J.-H. Juang, G. Enikolopov, E. Sibley, A.-S. Chiang, and S.-C. Tang, “Three-dimensional optical method for integrated visualization of mouse islet microstructure and vascular network with subcellular-level resolution,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(4), 046018 (2010). Crossref
256. A.-S. Chiang, Y.-C. Liu, S.-L. Chiu, S.-H. Hu, C.-Y. Huang, and C.-H. Hsieh, “Three dimensional mapping of brain neuropils in the cockroach Diploptera punctata,” J. Comp. Neurol. 440, 1–11 (2001). Crossref
257. A. S. Chiang, “Aqueous tissue clearing solution,” US Patent, US6472216 (2002).
258. J. Huisken, and D. Y. Stainier, “Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in developmental biology,” Development 136, 1963–1975 (2009).
259. K. Becker, N. Jährling, E. R. Kramer, F. Schnorrer, and H.-U. Dodt, “Ultramicroscopy: 3D reconstruction of large microscopical specimens,” J. Biophotonics 1, 36–42 (2008). Crossref
260. K. Becker, N. Jährling, S. Saghafi, R. Weiler, and H. U. Dodt, “Chemical clearing and dehydration of GFP expressing mouse brains,” PLOS One 7(3), e33916 (2012). Crossref
261. O. I. Efimova, and K. V. Anokhin, “Increase of optical permeability of isolated adult mouse brain structures,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 147(1), 4–7 (2009).
262. A. Ertürk, K. Becker, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, C. D. Hojer, J. G. Egen, F. Hellal, F. Bradke, M. Sheng, and H. U. Dodt, “Three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs using 3DISCO,” Nature Protocols 7(11), 1983–1995 (2012).
263. R. G. M. Kolkman, E. Hondebrink, W. Steenbergen, and F. F. M. de Mul, “In vivo photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels using an extreme-narrow aperture sensor,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9, 343–346 (2003). Crossref
264. R. G. M. Kolkman, J. H. G. M. Klaessens, E. Hondebrink, J. C. W. Hopman, F. F. M. de Mul, W. Steenbergen, J. M. Thijssen, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Photoacoustic determination of blood vessel diameter,” Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 4745–4756 (2004). Crossref
265. K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. H. Wang, “In vivo dark-field reflection-mode photoacoustic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 30(6), 625-627 (2005). Crossref
266. A. A. Oraevsky, A. A. Karabutov, S. V. Solomatin, E. V. Savateeva, V. A. Andreev, Z. Gatalica, H. Singh, and R. D. Fleming, “Laser optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer in vivo,” Proc. SPIE 4256, 6–15 (2001).
267. H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, and L. H. Wang, “In vivo imaging of subcutaneous structures using functional photoacoustic microscopy,” Nature Protocols 2(4), 797-804 (2007). Crossref
268. R. O. Esenaliev, I. V. Larina, K. V. Larin, D. J. Deyo, M. Motamedi, and D. S. Prough, “Optoacoustic technique for noninvasive monitoring of blood oxygenation: a feasibility study,” Appl. Opt. 41, 4722–4731 (2002). Crossref
269. C. C. Harland, J. C. Bamber, B. A. Gusterson, and P. S. Mortime, “High frequency, high resolution B-scan ultrasound in the assessment of skin tumours,” Br. J. Dermatol. 128, 525-532 (1993). Crossref
270. Y. Zhou, J. J. Yao, and L. H. Wang, “Optical clearing-aided photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced resolution and imaging depth,” Opt. Lett. 38(14), 2592-2595 (2013). Crossref
271. K. M. Quan, G. B. Christison, H. A. MacKenzie, and P. Hodgson, “Glucose determination by a pulsed photoacoustic technique: an experimental study using a gelatin-based tissue phantom,” Phys. Med. Biol. 38, 1911–1922 (1993). Crossref
272. M. Kinnunen, and R. Myllyla, “Application of optical coherence tomography, pulsed photoacoustic technique, and time-of-flight technique to detect changes in the scattering properties of a tissue-simulating phantom,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 024005 (2008). Crossref
273. H. A. MacKenzie, H. S. Ashton, S. Spiers, Y. Shen, S. S. Freeborn, J. Hannigan, J. Lindberg, and P. Rae, “Advances in photoacoustic noninvasive glucose testing,” Clin. Chem. 45, 1587–1595 (1999).
274. O. S. Khalil, “Non-invasive glucose measurement technologies: an update from 1999 to the dawn of the new millennium,” Diabetes Technol. Ther. 6, 660–697 (2004). Crossref
275. R. Cicchi, S. Sestini, V. De Giorgi, D. Massi, T. Lotti, and F. S. Pavone, “Nonlinear laser imaging of skin lesions,” J. Biophotonics 1(1), 62–73 (2008). Crossref
276. P. J. Campagnola, H. A. Clark, W. A. Mohler, A. Lewis, and L. M. Loew, “Second-harmonic imaging microscopy of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6(3), 277-286 (2001). Crossref
277. P. J. Campagnola, A. C. Millard, M. Terasaki, P. E. Hoppe, C. J. Malone, and W. A. Mohler, “Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues,” Biophys. J. 82, 493–508 (2002). Crossref
278. P. Bianchini, and A. Diaspro, “Three-dimensional (3D) backward and forward second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of biological tissues,” J. Biophotonics 1(6), 443-450 (2008). Crossref
279. V. Ajeti, O. Nadiarnykh, S. M. Ponik, P. J. Keely, K. W. Eliceiri, and P. J. Campagnola, “Structural changes in mixed Col I/Col V collagen gels probed by SHG microscopy: implications for probing stromal alterations in human breast cancer,” Biomedical Optics Express 2(8), 2307-2316 (2011). Crossref
280. T. Yasui, Y. Tohno, and T. Araki, “Characterization of collagen orientation in human dermis by two-dimensional second-harmonic-generation polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(2), 259–264 (2004). Crossref
281. H. G. Breunig, M. Weinigel, R. Buckle, M. Kellner-Hofer, J. Lademann, M. E. Darvin, W. Sterry, and K. Konig, “Clinical coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and multiphoton tomography of human skin with a femtosecond laser and photonic crystal fiber,” Laser Physics Letters 10, 025604 (2013). Crossref
282. G. Deka, W.-W. Wu, and F.-J. Kao, “In vivo wound healing diagnosis with second harmonic and fluorescence lifetime imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(6), 061222 (2013).
283. A. Ghazaryan, H. F. Tsai, G. Hayrapetyan, W.-L. Chen, Y.-F. Chen, M. Y. Jeong, C.-S. Kim, S.-J. Chen, and C.-Y. Dong, “Analysis of collagen fiber domain organization by Fourier second harmonic generation microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(3), 031105 (2013). Crossref
284. R. Cicchi, L. Sacconi, and F. Pavone “Nonlinear Imaging of Tissues,” Chap. 20 in Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Science, V. V. Tuchin (Ed.), pp. 509-545, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (2010).
285. M. Muller, J. A. Squier, T. Wilson, and G. Brakenhoff, “3D microscopy of transparent objects using third-harmonic generation,” J. Microsc. 191, 266–272 (1998). Crossref
286. G. Hall, K. W. Eliceiri, and P. J. Campagnola, “Simultaneous determination of the second-harmonic generation emission directionality and reduced scattering coefficient from three-dimensional imaging of thick tissues,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18(1), 116008 (2013). Crossref
287. M. Zimmerley, R. A. McClure, B. Choi, and E. O. Potma, “Following dimethyl sulfoxide skin optical clearing dynamics with quantitative nonlinear multimodal microscopy,” Appl. Opt. 48(10), D79–D87 (2009).
288. M. V. Schulmerich, J. H. Cole, K. A. Dooley, M. D. Morris, J. M. Kreider, and S. A. Goldstein, “Optical clearing in transcutaneous Raman spectroscopy of murine cortical bone tissue,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(2), 021108 (2008). Crossref
289. D. Huang, W. Zhang, H. Zhong, H. Xiong, X. Guo, and Z. Guo, “Optical clearing of porcine skin tissue in vitro studied by Raman microspectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 17(1), 015004 (2012). Crossref
290. P. J. Caspers, A. C. Williams, E. A. Carter, H. G. M. Edwards, B. W. Barry, H. A. Bruining, and G. J. Puppels, “Monitoring the penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide in human stratum corneum in vivo by confocal Raman spectroscopy,” Pharm. Res. 19(10), 1577–1580 (2002).
291. A. A. Angeluts, A. V. Balakin, M. G. Evdokimov, M. N. Esaulkov, M. M. Nazarov, I. A. Ozheredov, D. A. Sapozhnikov, P. M. Solyankin, O. P. Cherkasova, and A. P. Shkurinov, “Characteristic responses of biological and nanoscale systems in the terahertz frequency range,” Quantum Electronics 44(7), 614-632 (2014). Crossref
292. M. Nazarov, A. Shkurinov, V. V. Tuchin, and X.-C. Zhang, “Terahertz tissue spectroscopy and imaging,” Chapter 17 in Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Science, V. V. Tuchin, Ed., pp. 592–617, CRC Press, London, Taylor & Francis Group (2010).
293. M. M. Nazarov, A. P. Shkurinov, E. A. Kuleshov, and V. V. Tuchin, “Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of biological tissues,” Quantum Electronics 38(7), 647–654 (2008). Crossref
294. G. M. Png, J. W. Choi, B. W.-H. Ng, S. P. Mickan, D. Abbott, and X.-C. Zhang, “The impact of hydration changes in fresh bio-tissue on THz spectroscopic measurements,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53, 3501–3517 (2008). Crossref
295. A. V. Borodin, V. Ya. Gayvoronsky, O. D. Kachkovsky, Ya. A. Prostota, A. V. Kargovskiі, M. M. Nazarov, D. A. Sapozhnikov, Yu. L. Slominskiі, I. N. Smirnova, and A. P. Shkurinov, “Structure sensitive changes in the terahertz absorption spectra of merocyanine dye derivatives,” Optics and Spectroscopy 107(4), 505-514 (2009). Crossref
296. C. S. Joseph, R. Patel, V. A. Neel, R. H. Giles, and A. N. Yaroslavsky, “Imaging of ex vivo nonmelanoma skin cancers in the optical and terahertz spectral regions,” J. Biophotonics 7(5), 295-303 (2014). Crossref
297. S. J. Oh, J. Kang, I. Maeng, J.-S. Suh, Y.-M. Huh, S. Haam, and J.-H. SonMarch, “Nanoparticle-enabled terahertz imaging for cancer diagnosis,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3469–3475 (2009). Crossref
298. T. Yu, X. Wen, V. V. Tuchin, Q. Luo, and D. Zhu, “Quantitative analysis of dehydration in porcine skin for assessing mechanism of optical clearing,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 095002 (2011). Crossref
299. A. S. Kolesnikov, E. A. Kolesnikova, A. P. Popov, M. M. Nazarov, A. P. Shkurinov, and V. V. Tuchin, “In vitro terahertz monitoring of muscle tissue dehydration under the action of hyperosmotic agents,” Quantum Electronics 44(7), 633-640 (2014). Crossref
300. R. E. Beck, and J. S. Schultz, “Hindrance of solute diffusion within membranes as measured with microporous membranes of known pore geometry,” Biochem. Biophys. Acta 255, 272-303 (1972). Crossref
301. A. Kotyk, and K. Janacek, Membrane Transport: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Plenum Press, New York (1977).
302. I. H. Blank, J. Moloney, A. G. Emslie, I. and Apt, “The diffusion of water across the stratum corneum as a function of its water content,” J. Invest. Dermatol. 82, 188-194 (1984). Crossref
303. B. Sennhenn, K. Giese, K. Plamann, N. Harendt, and K. Kolmel, “In vivo evaluation of the penetration of topically applied drugs into human skin by spectroscopic methods,” Skin Pharmacol. 6, 152-160 (1993). Crossref
304. K. D. Peck, A.-H. Ghanem, and W. I. Higuchi, “Hindered diffusion of polar molecules through and effective pore radii estimates of intact and ethanol treated human epidermal membrane,” Pharmaceutical Research 11(9), 1306-1314 (1994).
305. T. Inamori, A.-H. Ghanem, W. I. Higuchi, and V. Srinivasan, “Macromolecule transport in and effective pore size of ethanol pretreated human epidermal membrane,” Int. J. Pharmaceutics 105, 113-123 (1994). Crossref
306. R. Bertram, and M. Pernarowski, “Glucose diffusion in pancreatic islets of Langerhans,” Biophys. J. 74, 1722-1731 (1998).
307. P. Gribbon, and T. E. Hardingham, “Macromolecular diffusion of biological polymers measured by confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching,” Biophys. J. 75, 1032-1039 (1998). Crossref
308. A. N. Yaroslavskaya, I. V. Yaroslavsky, C. Otto, G. J. Puppels, H. Guindam, G. F. J. M. Vrensen, J. Greve, and V. V. Tuchin, “Water exchange in human eye lens monitored by confocal Raman microspectroscopy,” Biophysics 43(1), 109-114 (1998).
309. E. E. Alanis, G. G. Romero, and C. C. Martinez, “Interferometric measurement of diffusion coefficients through a scanning laser beam,” Opt. Eng. 39(3), 744-750 (2000). Crossref
310. S. Papadopoulos, K. D. Jurgens, and G. Gros, “Protein diffusion in living skeletal muscle fibers: dependence on protein size, fiber type, and contraction,” Biophys. J. 79, 2084-2094 (2000). Crossref
311. A. E. Kamholz, E. A. Schilling, and P. Yager, “Optical measurement of transverse molecular diffusion in a microchannel,” Biophys. J. 80, 1967-1972 (2001).
312. S. S. Olmsted, J. L. Padgett, A. I. Yudin, K. J. Whaley, T. R. Moench, and R. A. Cone, “Diffusion of macromolecules and virus-like particles in human cervical mucus,” Biophys. J. 81, 1930-1937 (2001). Crossref
313. J. Kusba, L. Li, I. Gryczynski, G. Piszczek, M. Johnson, and J. R. Lakowicz, “Lateral diffusion coefficients in membranes measured by resonance energy transfer and a new algorithm for diffusion in two dimensions,” Biophys. J. 82, 1358-1372 (2002). Crossref
314. W. Heller, “Remarks on refractive index mixture rules,” J. Phys. Chem. 69(4), 1123–1129 (1965). Crossref
315. J. S. Maier, S. A. Walker, S. Fantini, M. A. Franceschini, and E. Gratton, “Possible correlation between blood glucose concentration and the reduced scattering coefficient of tissues in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 19(24), 2062-2064 (1994).
316. M. Kohl, M. Esseupreis, and M. Cope, “The influence of glucose concentration upon the transport of light in tissue-simulating phantoms,” Phys. Med. Biol. 40, 1267-1287 (1995). Crossref
317. J. M. Schmitt, and G. Kumar, “Optical scattering properties of soft tissue: a discrete particle model,” Appl. Opt. 37(13), 2788-2797 (1998). Crossref
318. W. H. Press, S. A. Tuekolsky, W. T. Vettering, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1992).
319. I. S. Grigoriev, and E. Z. Meylikhov (Eds.), Physical Values: Handbook, Moscow: EnergoAtomIzdat (1991).
Сontact
34 Moskovskoe shosse, Samara, 443086, Russian Federation
Email: j-bpe@ssau.ru
Phone: +7-846-267-4550
© 2014-2025 J-BPE