Photocrosslinking of Tarsal Collagen for Treating Eyelid Laxity: Applying the Exposure Reciprocity Law to Establish an Optimal Irradiant Profile

Traian V. Chirila orcid (Login required)
Queensland Eye Institute, 87 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Faculty of General Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania

Shuko Suzuki
Queensland Eye Institute, 87 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia

Nadja E. Pop orcid
Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Faculty of General Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Doctoral School, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania

Claire Cattelot
Aix-Marseille University, Polytech Marseille, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France

Alexandra I. Manta
Queensland Eye Institute, 87 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Faculty of General Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Doctoral School, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia


Paper #9545 received 2 Mar 2026; revised manuscript received 18 May 2025; accepted for publication 18 May 2026; published online 13 Jul 2026

DOI: 10.18287/JBPE26.12.030301

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop an irradiant exposure strategy able to control validity of the exposure reciprocity law upon exposing tarso-conjunctival tissue to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation as a treatment for palpebral laxity, and thus to establish a research-based criterion for implementing optimal irradiation levels in clinical settings. Tarso-conjunctival specimens were harvested postmortem from ovine and caprine eyelids and exposed to UVA radiation (365 nm) in specified conditions. Thermographic infrared analysis was applied to monitor the photothermal response. By performing irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer (riboflavin) a photochemomechanical response was also determined based on changes in mechanical properties as evaluated in a mechanical tester. A graphical method was employed to define the failure zones of reciprocity law when applied to radiation-induced photoresponses. Discontinuities in law’s validity were found and confirmed by descending values of Schwarzschild’s p-coefficients. The photothermal response showed that law’s failure zone centered on an irradiance of 30 mW/cm2 in both sheep and goat tissues, for radiant exposures between 6 and 18 J/cm2. The photochemomechanical response indicated a failure onset around 60 mW/cm2. Anticipating the concept of safest application route, an irradiance of 30 mW/cm2 appeared an appropriate upper limit for the validity zone of reciprocity law, as indicated by the photothermal response, at exposure durations assuring a radiant exposure between 5 and 20 J/cm2.

Keywords

eyelid laxity; collagen; ultraviolet A radiation; photochemical crosslinking; Bunsen-Roscoe law; Schwarzschild’s coefficients

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